Critical Reasoning

Lines can be parallel in a Euclidean system of geometry. But the non-Euclidean system of geometry that has the most empirical verification is regarded by several prominent physicists as correctly describing the universe we inhabit. If these physicists are right, in our universe there are no parallel lines.
Which one of the following is an assumption that is required by the argument?
(A) There are no parallel lines in the non-Euclidean system of geometry that has the most empirical verification.
(B) Most physicists have not doubted the view that the universe is correctly described by the non-Euclidean system of geometry that has the most empirical verification.
(C) There are no parallel lines in every non-Euclidean system of geometry that has any empirical verification.
(D) The universe is correctly described by the non-Euclidean system of geometry that has the most empirical verification if prominent physicists maintain that it is.
(E) Only physicists who are not prominent doubt the view that the universe is correctly described the non-Euclidean system of geometry that has the most empirical verification.
OA A





2.The present goal of the field of medicine seems to be to extend life indefinitely. Increasingly, the ability to transplant such organs as hearts, lungs, livers, and kidneys will allow us to live longer. But we can never achieve brain transplants. There are, for a start, ten million nerves running from the brain down the neck, not to mention the millions joining the brain to the sensing organs. Clearly, then, as the transplantation of organs allows more and more people to live longer, those with degenerative brain disorders will form an ever-increasing proportion of the population.
The argument above is based on which one of the following assumptions?
(A) Degenerative brain disorders will increasingly strike younger and younger patients.
(B) It is still quite rare for people to live long enough to need more than one transplant of any give organ.
(C) There are degenerative brain disorders that will not be curable without brain transplants.
(D) Degenerative brain disorders account for a very small proportion of deaths in the population at large.
(E) More is being spent on research into degenerative brain disorders than on research into transplantation
OA C

Prem 1: parallel lines in 'Euclidean sys of geo.
Prem 2: non-Euclidean system of geometry.. most empirical verification describes the universe we inhabit.
Concl : physicists are right our universe there are no parallel lines
from above its clear that there is some gap between premises and conclusion and we see additional piece of information as "no parallel lines" in conclusion not mentioned either in prem1 or prem 2

In this case assumption plays the role of supporter to provide the missing piece to close that gap.
From the answer choice below only "A" and "C" contains information about non parallel lines in non-Euclidean system
Looking at the tone and structure "A" is the clear winner.

Passage 2:
Prem1: current goal of med is to extend life indef.
Prem2: we can transplant other organs but not Brain.
Concl: As transplant of organ allows more people to live longer, degenerative brain disorder will form an ever increasing prop.of popul.

In this case assumption should play defender role.
"C" clearly defends this conclusion
Or if you use POE
you will see we can easily narrow down to "C" and "D"
Then apply negation technique and easily point to option "C"

I will Go with option C in this case